In this paper, comprehensive research methods such as laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurements are used to systematically study the development characteristics of mining fractures and water hazards in the overlying rock of the small coal pillar working face. According to the empirical formula of the conduction height and the measured results, it is clear that the range of the crack-to-production ratio of the working face is 21~27, and the maximum development height of the water conduction fracture zone is 117 m. Combined with numerical simulation, the characteristics of the saddle-shaped distribution of the water conduction fracture zone in the working face were clarified, and the development characteristics of the water conduction fracture zone under different mining parameters such as coal pillar width, working face length and mining thickness were mastered. Based on the ArcGIS platform, it is clarified that the key prevention and control areas of water hazard on the roof of the working face are 1041 m~2411 m and 3299 m~4630 m away from the cutting eye of the working face. Combined with the risk zoning of roof water hazard, a technical scheme of "exploration-release" of water hazard between the roof of the working face and the goaf of the upper section was proposed. Key words: Narrow coal pillars; water-conduction fracture zone; Risk Zoning; Water Hazard Control